John D. Zizioulas and Frank D. Macchia in Conversation on Eschatology

A Preliminary Assessment

Abstract

This article brings the eschatologies of the Eastern Orthodox theologian John Zizioulas, and Pentecostal theologian Frank D. Macchia. Zizioulas’ primary theological orientation is the ontological and eschatological significance of the Eucharistic gathering of the Church. Macchia’s north star in contributing to the maturing of Pentecostal theology is the eschatological significance of Christ and Pentecost. Both eschatologies are thoroughly Trinitarian and relational, Christological and pneumatological, with the whole cosmos in view. The main issues identified are, first, differing views on human freedom in the eschaton, and second, the significance Zizioulas assigns to the intercession of the Church and the saints. Zizioulas rejects the possibility of a turn toward true relation after judgment, viewing human freedom as bound to temporal sequence. In contrast, Macchia allows for the possibility, given the eternal and universal efficacy of Christ’s salvation. Both theologians affirm the annihilation of sin and death, and thus its deception. Given the Resurrection’s liberation of creation from sin and death, and its universal salvific efficacy, human freedom to turn toward life can be seen as integral to it. Moreover, the faithful never cease to participate in Christ’s intercession for this turning.